1876–1945

Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski was a Polish writer, journalist, traveler, and scientist, renowned for his captivating literary works and adventurous life. Born on May 27, 1876, in Ludza, then part of the Russian Empire, Ossendowski showed an early talent for academics and a passion for exploration. He studied physics, chemistry, and natural sciences at St. Petersburg University and later completed his doctorate in Paris.